Subjects who had no sexual activity within the past month, unmarried, divorced, or widow were excluded from the study. They were selected randomly (simple random method) from primary health care centers, dermatology and family planning clinics of Fayoum University, and general hospitals of the governorate. Four hundred and fifty females aged 18–66 years old were selected from three districts of Fayoum governorate (Fayoum district, Sennores, and Itsa). This is a cross-sectional study which included 450 married sexually active females evaluating their sexual pain. The aim of this study is to evaluate prevalence of female sexual pain among a sample of Egyptian females and to estimate the association between female sexual pain and both of anxiety and depression in Fayoum governorate, Egypt. Some of female sexual pain etiologies are vulvovaginal candidiasis, pelvic inflammatory diseases, chronic pelvic pain, and painful outcomes of delivery. Įlevated rates of sexual problems have been reported in women diagnosed with panic disorder, anxiety disorders, and depression that have been associated with decreased lubrication, decreased sexual satisfaction, increased pain during intercourse or sexual activity, and more orgasmic problems. Although psychological, psychiatric, and relational factors have been studied as possible correlates, data are still controversial. Most of researches have focused on underlying biomedical factors. įemale sexual pain is a complex multi-factorial condition. Dyspareunia, or pain during intercourse, affects between 12 and 44% of women. Pain can be a defining characteristic of sexual disorders. ConclusionsĪnxiety, depression, and the presence of gynecological causes especially fungal infection were significantly independent risk factors for more sexual pain. Patients with gynecological causes especially fungal infection had significantly severe marked pain than patients without any other physical causes (< 0.001). Pain score had significant negative correlation with each of the depression score ( r − 0.524, p < 0.001) and the anxiety score ( r − 0.305, p < 0.001). Patients with severe anxiety had significantly lower pain score than patients without ( p < 0.001). Patients with severe depression had significantly marked severe pain than patients with minimal depression ( p < 0.001 respectively). In the study group, 75 (16.7%) females had depressive symptoms, and 40 (8.9%) females had anxiety symptoms.
The prevalence of marked severe sexual pain was 31.6% and that of trivial pain was 68.4% in the studied group. Their scores were correlated to demographic data, genital health complaints, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Female sexual function index (FSFI) was used to evaluate sexual pain in 450 women calculating their pain domain scores.
The present study aimed to evaluate prevalence of female sexual pain among a sample of Egyptian females and detect its correlation with depression and anxiety. Although psychological, psychiatric, and relational factors have been studied as possible correlates, limited research has been made in this area about the Egyptian population. Alan Jacobs's introduction and thorough annotations help today's readers understand and appreciate the full richness of a poem that contains some of Auden's most powerful and beautiful verse, and that still deserves a central place in the canon of twentieth-century poetry.Female sexual pain is a complex multifactorial condition. This volume-the first annotated, critical edition of the poem-introduces this important work to a new generation of readers by putting it in historical and biographical context and elucidating its difficulties. Yet reviews of the poem were sharply divided, and today, despite its continuing fame, it is unjustly neglected by readers. Beginning as a conversation among four strangers in a barroom on New York's Third Avenue, Auden's analysis of Western culture during the Second World War won the Pulitzer Prize and inspired a symphony by Leonard Bernstein as well as a ballet by Jerome Robbins. Auden's last, longest, and most ambitious book-length poem-immediately struck a powerful chord, capturing the imagination of the cultural moment that it diagnosed and named. When it was first published in 1947, The Age of Anxiety-W.
The first critical edition of a poem that named an era
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